323 Battle of Adrianople: Constantine defeats Licinius

987 Hugh Capet is crowned King of France (987-996)

1428 Treaty of Delft: Between Jacob of Bavaria and Philip the Good of France

1448 Battle of Scutari: The Albanians defeat the Venetians

1620 Treaty of Ulm: German states declare neutrality in the Hapsburg-Bohemian conflict

1657 Naval Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 1: Venetians skirmish with the Turks

1754 The Battle of Ft. Necessity: Col. George Washington (22) surrenders to the French after a short siege

1775 George Washington assumes command of the Patriot forces investing Boston

1778 Wyoming Valley Massacre, Pa: British & Indians do in c. 360 American men, women & children

1790 Naval Battle of Viborg, Day 1: Swedish fleet breaks out of the Russian blockade (since May 22)

1798 Geo. Washington commissioned Lt Gen for the Quasi-War with France

1861 Martinsburg, Va: Confederates pull out before US advance

1863 Battle Gettysburg, Day 3: Robert E. Lee's grand assault ("Pickett's Charge") is shattered

1898 Naval Battle of Santiago: Spanish squadron is annihilated

1915 Erich Muenter blows up the Senate reception room

1939 Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800-kph rocket plane to Hitler

1940 Royal Navy inflicts heavy losses on the French fleet at Mers el Kebir, Oran, Algeria

1941 Germans slaughter c. 2,000 Jews in Bialystok

1942 Japanese from Tulagi land on Guadalcanal to construct an airfield

1943 New Guinea: Australian 3rd Div links with MacKechnie Force, Nassau Bay

1944 U.S. Navy ships bombard Iwo Jima and the Bonin Islands.

1945 Australian troops capture oil fields at Balikpapan, Borneo.

1947 USSR refuses to join the "Imperialistic" Marshall Plan

1950 First US-North Korean clash: TF Smith is overrun

1954 World War II food rationing ends in Britain

1976 Entebbe Raid: Israel rescues 103 held by Palestinian hijackers in Uganda

1986 Relighting of the Statue of Liberty after protracted renovations

1988 USS 'Vincennes' (CG-49) accidentally shoots down an Iranian airliner, 290 die