711 Battle of Guadalete: Tariq's Arab-Berbers defeat the Visigoths, initiating a 781-year war for Spain

1333 Battle of Halidon Hill: English defeat the Scots

1510 38 Jews are burned at the stake at Berlin

1525 German Catholic princes form the Dessau League to combat Protestantism

1545 Battle of the Solent: Anglo-French naval action, during which HMS 'Mary Rose' capsizes and sinks

1553 Lady Jane Grey, c. 15-16, is deposed after nine illegal days as England's Queen, later reluctantly executed by the real Queen, Mary I

1588 Sir Francis Drake finishes his game of bowls, in time to go to sea to fight the Spanish Armada

1650 Battle of Edinburgh: David Leslie defeats Oliver Cromwell

1701 Battle of Dunamunde: The Swedes defeat the Saxons

1747 Battle of the Colle dell'Assietta: The Piedmontese defeat the French

1799 French troops building fortifications near Rosetta, on the Nile Delta, find a curious stone

1812 First Battle of Sackett's Harbor: Americans beat off a British attack across Lake Erie

1861 Combat at Parkersville, Mo

1863 Battle of Buffington I/St. Georges Creek, Oh/WVa: Union cavalry defeat John Hunt Morgan's Confederate raiders, but many escape into WVa,

1864 Chinese Imperial troops liberate Nanking from the Tai-ping rebels

1886 'Atlanta' commissioned, first steel cruiser in the USN

1897 Lt Robert E. Peary departs on a year-long Arctic Expedition

1898 Action at Havana: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire

1918 German armies retreat across the Marne

1918 German 'U-156' sinks the armored cruiser 'San Diego' off Fire Island, NY

1939 RAdm Richard Byrd named commanding officer of the 1939-1941 Antarctic Expedition

1940 Battle of Cape Spada: Australian-British squadron sinks Italian CL 'Colleoni'

1941 Winston Churchill flashes "V for Victory" for the first time

1942 1800 Japanese troops depart Rabaul by ship for Gona.

1942 German occupiers confiscate bicycles in the Netherlands

1943 First Allied air raid on the Eternal City, 500 bombers hit rail yards

1943 Japanese DDs land supplies at Vila, Kula Gulf.

1969 Apollo 11 goes into orbit around the Moon

1979 Marxist Sandinista government installed in Nicaragua