1096 "Beggars' Crusaders" under Peter the Hermit reach Sofia in Hungary

1109 Crusaders capture Tripoli, Syria

1151 Election of Pope Anastasius IV (1151-1152)

1191 Besieged since June 8th, Arab-held Acre surrendered to Richard Lionheart's Crusaders

1260 Battle of Kroissenburnn: The Bohemians defeat the Hungarians

1276 Ottobuono Fieschi elected Pope as Adrian V (12 Jul-18 Aug 1276)

1290 King Edward I orders the Jews expelled from England

1434 Massacre of Camerino: The ruling Varano family are murdered at mass in a popular uprising

1470 Ottoman Sultan Mohammed II captures Negroponte [Euboea] from the Venetians amid a great slaughter

1543 England's King Henry VIII weds Catherine Parr, his sixth and last wife

1573 Haarlem falls to the Spanish, after a siege begun on Dec 11, 1572

1691 Battle of Aughrim: After initial success, the Irish Jacobites are defeated by the Williamites

1702 Battle of Klissow: The Swedes defeat the Saxons

1730 Lorenzo Corsini elected Pope as Clement XII (1730-40)

1784 Bombardment of Algiers: A combined Spanish-Neapolitan-Portuguese-Maltese fleet commences a nine-day attack to suppress piracy

1794 Battle of Calvi, Corsica: An unsuccessful British attempt to capture the city; Lord Nelson loses his right eye

1801 Second Naval Battle of Algeciras: British defeat a Franco-Spanish squadron

1806 Napoleon establishes the Confederation of the Rhine

1812 Gen Hull's US forces invade Canada

1836 First USN Engineer Officer commissioned, Charles H. Haswell

1856 US filibuster William Walker becomes President of Nicaragua (July 12, 1856- May 1, 1857), promptly legalizes slavery

1861 Combat at Barboursville/Red House, WVa

1861 Combat of Beverly Ford, Va

1864 Battle of Ft. Stevens: Lincoln observes Jubal Early's Rebel skirmishers

1906 Alfred Dreyfus is finally cleared of all charges by the French Army

1916 USS 'North Carolina' (ACR-12) becomes the first American ship regularly operating aircraft

1918 Japanese battleship 'Kawachi' is destroyed by an internal explosion in Tokuyama Bay

1941 First Luftwaffe air raid on Moscow

1941 Germans murder c. 5,000 Jews near Bialystok

1942 New Guinea: Australian Maroubra Force reaches Kokoda

1942 U-Boat lands four German saboteurs on Long Island, who are soon captured

1943 Kolombangara: "Tokyo Express" tangles with allied ships, who lose, badly

1943 Battle of Kursk: Russians halt German offensive at Prochorovka

1944 Allied attempt to take Myitkina, Burma, foiled by "friendly" air attacks

1944 Theresienstadt Concentration Camp disbanded, with 4,000 people gassed

1948 First jets to fly the Atlantic: 6 RAF de Havilland Vampires

1978 Puerto Rican nationalist Willie Morales is severely injured by a blast in his bomb factory in New York but escapes anyway

1982 FEMA promises that survivors of a nuclear war will get their mail