586 BC Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II takes Jerusalem; beginning of the "Babylonian Captivity"

455 Eparchius Avitus proclaimed Roman Emperor (July 9, 455-Oct 17, 456), deposed, d. 457

1553 Battle of Sievershausen: Elector Maurice I of Saxony defeats Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

1755 Braddock's Defeat: the Battle of the Monongahela

1776 The Declaration of Independence is read to Washington's troops in NY, whereupon the citizens pull down George III's statue at Bowling Green to make musket balls

1790 2nd Battle of Ruotsinaslami/Svenksund: Russo-Swedish fleets clash (to the 10th)

1816 Argentina declares independence from Spain

1846 Landing party from USS 'Portsmouth' occupies San Francisco.

1860 Moslems commence 3-day massacre of Christians at Damascus

1860 The slave ship "Clotilde" lands c. 150 kidnapped Africans in Mobile Bay, in defiance of the U.S. band on the importation of slaves

1862 CS Brig Gen John Hunt Morgan captures Tompkinsville, Ky

1864 Jubal's Raid - Battle of Monocacy, Md: US Maj Gen Lew Wallace conducts a successful delaying action

1864 Jubal's Raid - Confederates extort $200,000 from Frederick, Md

1876 Black landowner murdered by white supremacists in Hamburg, SC

1915 German southwest Africa captured by South African troops

1916 Cargo submarine 'Deutschland' arrives in the US from Germany

1917 HM Battleship 'Vanguard' blows up at Scapa Flow, 804 die

1918 Congress establishes the Distinguished Service Cross

1918 Henry Ford launches the first of 100 Eagle boats

1926 Chang Kai-shek appointed national-revolutionary supreme commander

1926 Gen. Sinel de Cordes leads coup in Portugal

1934 Reichsfuhrer-SS Himmler takes command of German Concentration Camps

1940 Battle of Punta Stilo: indecisive British-Italian fleet action

1940 RAF bombs Germany

1941 The British break Germany's air-ground ops code used on the Russian Front

1942 Toscanini conducts the American premiere of Shostakovich’s "Leningrad Symphony" in New York

1943 Italian blockade running sub 'Capellini' reaches Sumatra.

1943 US ships shelling Munda beat off c. 100 Japanese aircraft.

1944 US secures Saipan: 3,200 US, 27,000 Japanese KIA, & many civilian suicides