1249 Reginald/Ragnald V becomes King of the Isle of Man (1248-1250)

1333 The Ambush of San Cesario: Stefano Colonna (20) slaughters the Orsini & Savelli, a deed celebrated by Petrarch

1456 The Oddi & Corgna families attempt a coup against the Baglioni at Perugia

1527 Charles V's Spanish and German troops begin the "Sack of Rome"

1529 Battle of Ghagra: Babur defeats the Sultan of Bengal

1622 Battle of Wimpfen: Imperial troops under Tilly & Cordoba defeat George Frederick of Baden-Durlach

1757 Battle of Prague: Frederick the Great defeats the Austrians

1794 Toussaint L'Ouverture begins the Haitian Revolution against France

1844 Radical Protestant Terrorists initiate three days of attacks on Catholics in Philadelphia and Kensington,

1848 Battle of Santa Lucia: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese

1861 Arkansas is the 9th state to secede from the Union

1864 Battle of Port Walthall Junction, VA

1864 Cherokee Chief Stand Watie is made a Confederate brigadier general

1864 The Wilderness: James Longstreet is wounded by friendly fire during a counterattack

1889Dedication of the Eiffel Tower

1898 US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire at Havana & Santiago

1910 King George V ascends the British throne (1911-1936)

1915 Gallipoli: Allies attack Cape Hellas

1916 Belgians capture Kigali, German East-Africa

1919 The 77th Division marches home up Fifth Avenue

1919 Third Anglo-Afghan War begins (ends Aug. 8th, with Britain recognizing full Afghan independence)

1933 Italo-Soviet trade agreement: Fascists and Communists united

1937 The airship 'Hindenburg' burns at Lakehurst, NJ, 36 die

1941 Bob Hope stages his first USO show, March Field, California

1942 Corregidor and the Philippines surrender to the Japanese

1945 Axis Sally makes her last broadcast

1948 Greek government executes 43 communist rebels at Athens

1955 West Germany joins NATO

1962 USS 'Ethan Allen' (SSBN-608) fires the first nuclear warhead from a submerged submarine