44BCCicero delivers the first of 14 "Philippics" against Marc Antony

31BCBattle of Actium: Octavian defeats Antony & Cleopatra

1057 Coronation of Issac Comnenus as Byzantine Emperor (1057-1059)

1414 Republic of Gaeta and Count Giacomo II of Fondi conclude an armistice

1628 Battle of Wolgast: Wallenstein's Imperialists defeat Christian of Denmark

1649 Pope Innocent X orders the city of Castro razed

1666 Great Fire of London, ends the Great Plague

1732 Pope Clement XII renews anti-Jewish laws in Rome

1752 Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar, having delayed for 170 years, to screw up chronology

1777 Battle of Cooch's Bridge, NJ: First use of the "Stars and Stripes" in combat

1792 Paris mob butchers nobles and clergymen held in jails

1798 Karl Mack von Leiberich appointed commander of the Neapolitan Army

1843 Neapolitan naval squadron visits Rio de Janeiro

1861 Skirmish at Bethel's Mills, Va

1861 Skirmish at Dallas, Mo

1861 Skirmish at Dry Wood/Ft Scott, Mo

1863 Burnside's Union troops capture Knoxville

1863 The Alabama legislature suggests recruiting slaves for the Confederate Army

1864 Robert E. Lee suggests recruiting blacks for Confederate service "every place in the Army"

1864 Union forces under William T Sherman capture Atlanta, get blamed for torching the place

1898 Battle of Omdurman: Lord Kitchener retakes the Sudan for Egypt & Britain

1901 VP Theodore Roosevelt cites the African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick"

1914 As the Germans drive on Paris, the French government flees to Bordeaux -- "Aux wagons citoyens!"

1943 Truk: Japanese patrol vessel is torpedoed by USS 'Snapper' (SS-185),

1943 US a/c bomb Lae, in northeastern New Guinea, sinking a patrol vessel

1944 Anne Frank is sent to Auschwitz

1944 Lt jg George H.W. Bush bails out near Chichi Jima, and is rescued by 'Finback' (SS-230)

1944 Third Fleet raids the Bonins

1944 USSR & Finland conclude an armistice

1945 Douglas MacArthur says "These proceedings are closed," USS 'Missouri' (BB-63), Tokyo Bay.

1945 Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent of France