496 BC Battle of Lake Regillius: Romans defeat the Tarquins

111 BC Double Triumph of the Metelli Brothers: Marcus for the conquest of Sardinia, Gaius for Thrace

765 Mayan scholars hold a conference on calendar reform in Copan

914 Pope John X leads a Papal-Italo-Lombard-Byzantine army to invest Arab-held Minturno, which falls in September

1099 Crusaders capture Jerusalem, c. 40,000 slaughtered

1215 King John of England "assents" to Magna Carta

1240 Battle of the Neva: Prince Alexander of Novgorod defeats a Swedish-German invasion

1410 Battle of Tannenberg/Grunwald: Poles and Lithuanians trounce the Teutonic Knights

1465 Battle of Monthleri: Indecisive clash between Louis XI's forces and unruly nobles during the "War of the Public Good"

1500 Alfonso d'Aragona, husband of Lucrezia Borgia, is seriously wounded in a brutal attacked at St. Peter's (see 18 Aug)

1544 "Battle of the Shirts" (Invergarry): Clans Ranald, Cameron, & Donald (8 of c. 600 survived) defeat Clan Fraser (4 of 300)

1761 Battle of Vellinghuasen: Austrian night attack defeats the French by the 16th

1789 The Marquis de Lafayette is named Commander of the National Guard of Paris

1795 The "Marseillaise" is officially adopted as the French national anthem

1798 HMS 'Lion' (74) takes the Spanish 'Santa Dorotea' (40) in a two-hour fight, capturing Lt. Jose de San Martin, serving as a marine

1862 Battle of Yazoo Pas: CSS 'Arkansas' fights USS 'Cardondelet' & 'Queen of the West'

1863 USS 'Wyoming' defeats a Japanese warlord at the Shimonoseki Straits

1864 Great Shohola Train Wreck, Pa: A train carrying Confederate P/Ws collides with a coal train, 65 die, 109 injured

1869 Margarine patented by Hippolye Mega-Mouris, for use by the French Navy

1870 Congress establishes the Navy Pay Corps, now the Supply Corps.

1907 Turret blast in battleship 'Georgia' (BB-15); 10 dead, 27 injured

1916 William Boeing founds an aircraft company in Seattle

1918 Second Battle of the Marne begins

1930 Debut of the motion picture 'All Quiet on the Western Front' starring Lew Ayers, based on the novel by Erich Maria Remarque

1937 Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens

1942 USS 'Grunion' (SS-216) sinks 3 Japanese sub chasers and a ship in the Aleutians

1943 Air Battle in the Central Solomons: Japan loses 45 a/c, US 3

1944 Britain's Greenwich Observatory is damaged by a German V-1 flying bomb

1944 Allied and Japanese troops engage in heavy fighting in the Aitape area of New Guinea.

1945 U.S. battleships shell industrial installations at Kamaishi, Honshu

1958 Marines land in Lebanon, to support the government (to October).

1974 Greek extremists depose Archbishop Makarios as president of Cyprus